Benefits and Risks of Blood Pressure Medication
Blood pressure medications help control your blood pressure levels. This reduces the risk of serious health concerns such as:
Stroke, or a condition that happens when blood flow is reduced or blocked Heart disease, a term that describes conditions that impact the heart Heart attack, or when a part of the heart doesn’t get enough blood and becomes damaged
It’s important to take your medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Not following medication instructions exactly can lead to severe health concerns.
Because all drugs have the potential for side effects, speak with your healthcare provider about risks and any other questions you may have.
Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics such as chlorthalidone and other diuretics help control high blood pressure by encouraging your body to excrete excess water and sodium. They also can reduce your amount of body potassium. Eating a diet rich in this essential mineral, taking supplements or switching to a potassium-sparing kind may help.
Side effects of diuretics may include:
Frequent urination Feeling lightheaded Fatigue Muscle cramping Changes in bowel movements Erectile dysfunction, or difficulty getting or maintaining an erection
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Avapro (irbesartan), and other angiotensin II receptor blockers, alleviate high blood pressure by allowing your arteries to relax and widen. Side effects are most likely to occur with a change in dosage, which could be prescribed or induced when you take it irregularly or not as directed.
Taking additional medications, from your healthcare professional or ones you bought at the drug store, including supplements, can trigger a variety of side effects.
Side effects may include:
Higher than normal potassium levels in the blood Kidney damage Low blood pressure, which can cause lightheadedness and fainting
Calcium Channel Blockers
Procardia (nifedipine) and other calcium channel blockers ease hypertension and reduce your heart rate by preventing calcium from entering the muscles of your heart and arteries. This allows them to relax and widen.
Side effects may include:
Feeling dizzy Heartburn, or burning feeling in the upper chest around the breastbone and/or the throat Fatigue Swelling in the feet or ankles
Beta-Blockers
Toprol-XL (metoprolol succinate), and other beta-blockers reduce your heart rate, which in turn decreases your heart’s output and blood pressure.
Side effects may include:
Cold hands and feet, especially in older individuals Intense dreams Fatigue or exhaustion Erectile dysfunction Dizziness or lightheadedness when you get up from a sitting or laying position
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
ACE inhibitors, such as Lotensin (benazepril hydrochloride) and Prinivel (lisinopril), relax, or open up, the blood vessels. This helps lower your blood pressure.
ACE inhibitors can lead to side effects like:
Skin rash Kidney issues Cough Loss of taste
Summary
Blood pressure medications help keep your blood pressure levels within a healthy range. However, medications can come with side effects that range from mild to more serious.
Ask your healthcare provider if there are other medications that will work for you if your current medication is causing side effects. If you must stay on your current medications, ask if you can take them on a different schedule to see if that helps.
Never stop using medication or change your dosage without consulting your healthcare provider.
